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    Thinking Ahead in the Job Search
    Job Searchers, have you ever been so close to getting a new position that you stop doing most of the things that brought you to that point? It is easy to get so excited over one potential opportunity that you forget how important it is to keep your pipeline full of leads.A job search takes time, potentially three to six months, or longer in our current economy, depending upon your particular skill and salary level. People often get discouraged at the amount of time it is taking and may slow down or even stop the process. In addition, employers often state an ideal time frame to fill the position. However, that goal may not be realistic, and the employer may take much longer than anticipated filling the position.Waiting on a specific job could put you at risk. Perhaps you have interviewed once or even several times for the job. During the interview process, you receive encouraging signals that you are the top candidate. As a result, you decide that this is the job for you and you stop developing other leads. Then, you discover the position has gone to someone else. Where does that leave you in your job search? All your eggs were in one basket and now you are back at square one with nothing on the radar screen and weeks wasted because you were counting on this job.So, what are some of the things you can do to keep the momentum going in your job search? Be aware that this is a process and takes time, energy and commitment. The more you put in, the more you get back. Set up some structures to ensure that you spend a certain amount of time each week on your search. That could include networking activities or even going to the gym, as long as you are cultivating opportunities.Remember to keep looking at and applying for openings until you have completely negotiated for your next position. Continue the activities that resulted in success. Seek out the assistance of a coach or job search buddy who can help keep you accountable during the demands of a search.Think out of the box for possible job options or employers. You may have several skill sets to promote rather than just one. Continue exploring and talking to anyone you can about potential opportunities. Keep your pipeline full of leads and you may be surprised by the results. Your negotiating power and your confidence will increase when you have more than one option.
    nets and executive leadership. As policy within the institution is developed it must consider and include a planning process to accommodate these essentials.

    Policy must also augment the entrepreneurial culture within the higher education institution as a new mindset of students must be established from one of expecting to be employed, to one of providing work opportunities for others. Technology licensing offices (TLOs) must be established at the higher education institutions. Stanford University sponsored research expenditures of US$391 million generated 25 TLO start ups in 1997 (Gregorio & Shane, 2003:209). An investment in patent rights by the higher education institutions will ensure future capital investments into the institution. Intellectual property (IP) policies should be framed so as to capture the wealth generated and to distribute it equitably between investors, partners, the university and the entrepreneur. Such rewards will generate future interest for both the investors and the entrepreneurs. Policies, procedures and network contacts to capture venture capital must be esta

    The Internet - A Huge Surge in Entrepreneurs
    Sergey Brin and Larry Page, the founders of Google, Pierre Omidyar, the founder of eBay, Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon and Tom Anderson the founder of MySpace... what do all of these people have in common with each other? Well first of all, they are the founders of some of the most popular websites on the Internet. Secondly, these five people are true entrepreneurs in a true sense of Entrepreneurship.So what did these people do right? What does it take to be an entrepreneur? Is it as easy of having an idea? Or is it the act of intention mixed with determination?In my opinion, anyone can have an idea but it takes someone special to be a true entrepreneur. It all comes down to having the right ingredients as both an individual mixed with a decent idea. If one of these ingredients is missing, it will be impossible to be considered or act like a true entrepreneur and get your Internet business off the ground. It is fact, that someone can have the most unbelievable idea but without the act of intention (an anticipated outcome that is intended or guides your planned actions) mixed with determination (the quality of being determined to accomplish something) it will be extremely difficult for that person to make their amazing idea a success. Yet on the other side of the coin, someone can take such a simple idea of selling items on eBay but have the intention and determination to succeed, that they will be considered a true entrepreneur and will absolutely make their simple idea a vast success.Over the past decade, the Internet has opened the doors to a whole new way of doing business. This new online playing field has allowed almost anyone to start their own website. From product websites like Amazon and eBay, to virtual communities like MySpace and to search engines like Google and Yahoo, there have been thousands of different types of ideas that sprung up and continue to arise on a daily basis, which people have attempted to turn into the next big idea. With thousands of new sites popping up every day, it’s becoming more difficult for the “average Joe” to make their idea successful. Many websites are up for a few months and then just simply disappear because the owners have either failed to generate revenue or became frightened that they would fail to continue the growth of their idea… hence someone that is lacking their entrepreneurial ingredients.Now please don’t get me wrong. I am not saying that considering there are so many sites popping up every day, that there cannot be the next big idea. I believe that there is still a huge potential to create the next wave or to become the next Internet mogul. Someone that has a good vision mixed with intention and determination can make their idea a success and this opportunity will continue for many years to come. The Internet will continue to present the next Google or MySpac
    Introduction

    With increased globalization people have seen the need to increase wealth creation especially within the underdeveloped Third World. It has also become evident that neither the government nor the formal sector can supply the necessary job creation without a sustained effort and partnerships between all sectors of the economy. One means of creating work opportunities will be the development of entrepreneurial and innovative skills within the country. The creation of such job opportunities by encouraging entrepreneurial innovation has been well illustrated by Dana, Korot and Tovstiga (2005:12) in Silicon Valley, Israel, Singapore and the Netherlands. These authors report that in the narrow 35 mile by 10 mile corridor within Silicon Valley 6,500 technology enterprises are located. Singapore is home to almost 100,000 entrepreneurs and had a per capita GDP of US$42,948.00 during 2004 and an annual growth rate of 8.8% (Singapore Statistics, 2006).

    In addition higher education has become a prime export commodity of total world services trade, amounting to a staggering 3% (Grundling & Steynberg, 2006:5). With the increased interest in entrepreneurial innovation as an economic driver there is a need to develop expertise within this area. Thus there is a need to develop entrepreneurial innovation knowledge within higher education institutions to ensure the maintenance of a competitive edge in an under developed market. Dana, et al. (2005:10) define knowledge as “the integration of information, ideas, experience, intuition, skills and lessons learned that creates added value for a firm”. In addition Dana et el. (2005) define innovation as “the process by which knowledge is transformed into new or significantly modified products and/or services that establish the firm’s competitive edge”. It can thus be seen that it is imperative that higher education in South Africa actively pursue a policy to encourage entrepreneurial innovation to ensure the creation of expertise, the development of new industries and the empowering of students to establish themselves within an entrepreneurial innovative culture. Higher education will be required to become a key player in domesticating knowledge and diffusing it into the economy in order to serve as engines for community development and social renewal (Grundling & Steynberg, 2006:6).

    Problem statement

    The research question under discussion is formulated as What minimum requirements should be set in an entrepreneurial and innovation framework in order to support entrepreneurial and innovation knowledge creation at institutions of higher education?

    Purpose

    This article attempts to develop a framework to encourage entrepreneurial thinking within a higher education environment, taking into account consideration policy and infrastructural requirements, knowledge creation fundamentals and institutional arrangements.

    Policy intervention

    Policy initiatives within higher education institutions are essential to establish guidance for entrepreneurs, funding agencies, industry, labour in general and for students and institutions of higher education in particular. From a higher education perspective government as well as institutional policy requirements will be discussed in brief.

    ·Government policies

    If this is to be accomplished it will require government intervention to construct policies which should include the reduction of taxation in the form of capital gains tax rate, providing incentives for increased spending on research and development, encouraging active venture capital markets, an alteration of the ‘hiring and firing’ labour regulations, and encouraging the spending on new technology shares (Da Rin, Nicodano & Sembenelli, 2005:8).

    ·The higher education institution policies

    The higher education institution must provide a working atmosphere in which entrepreneurship can thrive. Venkataraman (2003:154) proposes that it is not merely the injection of capital that enhances the development of entrepreneurship. Rather, it is the tangible infrastructural essentials such as capital markets, advanced telecommunications, sound legal and transportation systems. In addition, intangible components must be in place. These intangibles are access to novel ideas, informal forums, role models, region specific opportunities, access to large markets, safety nets and executive leadership. As policy within the institution is developed it must consider and include a planning process to accommodate these essentials.

    Policy must also augment the entrepreneurial culture within the higher education institution as a new mindset of students must be established from one of expecting to be employed, to one of providing work opportunities for others. Technology licensing offices (TLOs) must be established at the higher education institutions. Stanford University sponsored research expenditures of US$391 million generated 25 TLO start ups in 1997 (Gregorio & Shane, 2003:209). An investment in patent rights by the higher education institutions will ensure future capital investments into the institution. Intellectual property (IP) policies should be framed so as to capture the wealth generated and to distribute it equitably between investors, partners, the university and the entrepreneur. Such rewards will generate future interest for both the investors and the entrepreneurs. Policies, procedures and network contacts to capture venture capital must be estab

    Vacancies For Nurses - Opportunities Abound for New Nurse Jobs
    Thinking of being a health care professional? How about nursing? This can be a very rewarding job, both in the monetary and mental sense. Nurse salaries remain high, given the shortage of registered nurses in the united States. There are not only a lot of vacancies for nurses but the variety of jobs available continue to increase. This article stakes a look at some rewarding possibilities for a nursing career.Do you watch CSI? In each episode you will see nurses at work. There's the forensic nurse who works with victims such as sexual assault cases, and analyses bodily evidence. If you enjoy interesting jobs, then being in forensics will test your nursing skills daily on the job. Definitely not for those who prefer more stable nurse jobs.There's also a hot new area called legal nurse consulting. Yes, like what the name says, it's a nurse who works as a consultant. Legal nurse consultants LNC work with attorneys who handle medical cases such as malpractice lawsuits. Here's where a nurse's professional, on-the- job experience comes in. LNCs advise lawyers on medical procedures and terms, according to what actually happens, example in a hospital. Or insurance companies may hire them to work as in house consultants. Did I say this job is lucrative? Good consultants can demand $150 per hour rates, and you get the freedom that comes with being a freelancer.You can also become a travel nurse. For those who do not want to be stuck in one place or say if you're in Texas and want to live in California, a travel nurse job might just be the ticket for you. Nurse staffing companies are always recruiting registered nurses for positions across the country. They will not only find you a job but also take care of relocation matters such as housing as well as your other benefits. Travel nurses make a good salary.These are three of the "new" nurse jobs. Of course pediatric, dental, surgical nurses in hospitals and private healthcare institutes are great nurse careers to consider. Then there is the family nurse practitioner who works with individuals and family advising on diet, nutrition and health conditions. This is a more personal type of job because you get to know the people you work with. Nurse practioners function in some ways similar to MDs, and to be a NP requires one to have a Master's degree from an accredited college.The fastest way to become a nurse is to study to become a Licensed Practical Nurse LPN or in some states also called Licensed Vocational Nurse LVN. This course takes only one way to complete. Of course, salaries for LPNs are not as high as nurses with Bachelors of science in Nursing degrees or even higher.I've just touched briefly on some of the newer nursing job opportunities available as well as some of their educational requirements. Given that people are living longer and being more and more c
    (Grundling & Steynberg, 2006:5). With the increased interest in entrepreneurial innovation as an economic driver there is a need to develop expertise within this area. Thus there is a need to develop entrepreneurial innovation knowledge within higher education institutions to ensure the maintenance of a competitive edge in an under developed market. Dana, et al. (2005:10) define knowledge as “the integration of information, ideas, experience, intuition, skills and lessons learned that creates added value for a firm”. In addition Dana et el. (2005) define innovation as “the process by which knowledge is transformed into new or significantly modified products and/or services that establish the firm’s competitive edge”. It can thus be seen that it is imperative that higher education in South Africa actively pursue a policy to encourage entrepreneurial innovation to ensure the creation of expertise, the development of new industries and the empowering of students to establish themselves within an entrepreneurial innovative culture. Higher education will be required to become a key player in domesticating knowledge and diffusing it into the economy in order to serve as engines for community development and social renewal (Grundling & Steynberg, 2006:6).

    Problem statement

    The research question under discussion is formulated as What minimum requirements should be set in an entrepreneurial and innovation framework in order to support entrepreneurial and innovation knowledge creation at institutions of higher education?

    Purpose

    This article attempts to develop a framework to encourage entrepreneurial thinking within a higher education environment, taking into account consideration policy and infrastructural requirements, knowledge creation fundamentals and institutional arrangements.

    Policy intervention

    Policy initiatives within higher education institutions are essential to establish guidance for entrepreneurs, funding agencies, industry, labour in general and for students and institutions of higher education in particular. From a higher education perspective government as well as institutional policy requirements will be discussed in brief.

    ·Government policies

    If this is to be accomplished it will require government intervention to construct policies which should include the reduction of taxation in the form of capital gains tax rate, providing incentives for increased spending on research and development, encouraging active venture capital markets, an alteration of the ‘hiring and firing’ labour regulations, and encouraging the spending on new technology shares (Da Rin, Nicodano & Sembenelli, 2005:8).

    ·The higher education institution policies

    The higher education institution must provide a working atmosphere in which entrepreneurship can thrive. Venkataraman (2003:154) proposes that it is not merely the injection of capital that enhances the development of entrepreneurship. Rather, it is the tangible infrastructural essentials such as capital markets, advanced telecommunications, sound legal and transportation systems. In addition, intangible components must be in place. These intangibles are access to novel ideas, informal forums, role models, region specific opportunities, access to large markets, safety nets and executive leadership. As policy within the institution is developed it must consider and include a planning process to accommodate these essentials.

    Policy must also augment the entrepreneurial culture within the higher education institution as a new mindset of students must be established from one of expecting to be employed, to one of providing work opportunities for others. Technology licensing offices (TLOs) must be established at the higher education institutions. Stanford University sponsored research expenditures of US$391 million generated 25 TLO start ups in 1997 (Gregorio & Shane, 2003:209). An investment in patent rights by the higher education institutions will ensure future capital investments into the institution. Intellectual property (IP) policies should be framed so as to capture the wealth generated and to distribute it equitably between investors, partners, the university and the entrepreneur. Such rewards will generate future interest for both the investors and the entrepreneurs. Policies, procedures and network contacts to capture venture capital must be esta

    The Greatest Vitamin in The World
    VitaminsScientists created synthetic vitamins that are cheap to make and are said to be identical in their atomic structure when compared to whole vitamins (Vitamins directly from vegetables). However, when polarized light was placed through these synthetic vitamins, the light acted much differently than when placed through whole vitamins. When polarized light is placed through whole vitamins, the light beam bends to the right due to its molecular rotation. When this same light passes through a synthetic vitamin, the beam split in half. Half of the light will always bend right while the other half always bends left. This proves that we have not created an identical vitamin and this is why synthetic vitamins only give you 50% of biological activity as compared to whole vitamins. In fact, research studies show that synthetic vitamins can be dangerous to your health! Synthetic stripped down processed vitamins are currently being sold in almost every brand name supplement today. If you truly understood the importance of giving your body whole vitamins, along with the other critical nutrients we placed in our vitamin, you would become a client of ours for life!Taking the synthetic form of vitamin C, for example, can actually thicken the arterial walls of the heart by as much as 2.5 times which can harm the body! Ascorbic acid (synthetic vitamin C) is the word that you need to watch out for! Click more on the vitamin button and educate yourself on what your body truly needs.Most Vitamin nutrients on the market today use stripped down synthetic vitamins rather than whole vitamins straight from vegetables and fruits like our vitamin! Why? Synthetic vitamins are much cheaper to produce.Taking the synthetic form of Vitamin E is proven to actually suck vitamins and minerals right out of the bones which can do more harm than good to the body! Once again, most vitamin supplements today are using all the synthetic vitamins because they are cheap to manufacture.Whole Vitamins are critical for maintaining good health!After reading this section, you will be shocked at how damaging synthetic vitamins can be to your body! Please take the time to read this entire section. If you do, you will never look at vitamins or your body the same way ever again! After reading this, please contact everyone you know and tell them about the serious effects that can happen when taking processed synthetic vitamins! Working together, we could improve the lives of millions of people!According to Taber's Medical Dictionary, vitamins are essential for normal metabolism, growth and life of the body.1 They are indispensable for the maintenance of health. Up until now there has been some controversy regarding the necessity to supplement vitamins back into the diet. The Journal of American Medical Association concluded from a study that ever
    ating knowledge and diffusing it into the economy in order to serve as engines for community development and social renewal (Grundling & Steynberg, 2006:6).

    Problem statement

    The research question under discussion is formulated as What minimum requirements should be set in an entrepreneurial and innovation framework in order to support entrepreneurial and innovation knowledge creation at institutions of higher education?

    Purpose

    This article attempts to develop a framework to encourage entrepreneurial thinking within a higher education environment, taking into account consideration policy and infrastructural requirements, knowledge creation fundamentals and institutional arrangements.

    Policy intervention

    Policy initiatives within higher education institutions are essential to establish guidance for entrepreneurs, funding agencies, industry, labour in general and for students and institutions of higher education in particular. From a higher education perspective government as well as institutional policy requirements will be discussed in brief.

    ·Government policies

    If this is to be accomplished it will require government intervention to construct policies which should include the reduction of taxation in the form of capital gains tax rate, providing incentives for increased spending on research and development, encouraging active venture capital markets, an alteration of the ‘hiring and firing’ labour regulations, and encouraging the spending on new technology shares (Da Rin, Nicodano & Sembenelli, 2005:8).

    ·The higher education institution policies

    The higher education institution must provide a working atmosphere in which entrepreneurship can thrive. Venkataraman (2003:154) proposes that it is not merely the injection of capital that enhances the development of entrepreneurship. Rather, it is the tangible infrastructural essentials such as capital markets, advanced telecommunications, sound legal and transportation systems. In addition, intangible components must be in place. These intangibles are access to novel ideas, informal forums, role models, region specific opportunities, access to large markets, safety nets and executive leadership. As policy within the institution is developed it must consider and include a planning process to accommodate these essentials.

    Policy must also augment the entrepreneurial culture within the higher education institution as a new mindset of students must be established from one of expecting to be employed, to one of providing work opportunities for others. Technology licensing offices (TLOs) must be established at the higher education institutions. Stanford University sponsored research expenditures of US$391 million generated 25 TLO start ups in 1997 (Gregorio & Shane, 2003:209). An investment in patent rights by the higher education institutions will ensure future capital investments into the institution. Intellectual property (IP) policies should be framed so as to capture the wealth generated and to distribute it equitably between investors, partners, the university and the entrepreneur. Such rewards will generate future interest for both the investors and the entrepreneurs. Policies, procedures and network contacts to capture venture capital must be esta

    The Five Pillars for Effective Customer Service in the Health Care Industry
    There are five pillars for effective costumer service in the health care sector and there are as follows:1. Knock before you enter. Don't enter a patient or resident's room without knocking. You should enter the room with some degree of politeness and decorum. Leave all your negative attitude at the door. Even if the patient is comatose you should show the same respect for their privacy and dignity.2. Introduce yourself. State your name clearly and boldly. Don't yell or speak too loudly. Some patients like to be called by their first names while others may like the more formal approach. Make sure you get the correct information about the patient before entering their room. Always appear warm and friendly; remember the patient is a human just like you and may pick up hints if you are not genuine.3. Set a time limit. Mention the duration of your visit. The patient may be in pain or severe discomfort; setting a time limit adds another dimension to their level of care and your level of service. You may be in the room to administer directly to their needs or indirectly relating to them. Whatever it is let the patient feel empowered even though they are depending on you for their needs and comfort.4. Explain why you are there. Don't lecture to the patient. Stick to the point. If you are going to perform a procedure avoid using medical terminology that will make them feel apprehensive. Even if your visit is not directly related to their needs explain why you are there.5. Thank the patient when leaving. The hallmark of your visit should be to ask the patient if they would like any other thing else to be done while you are there. If their request is not related to your training inform them that you are going to find the relevant personnel to assist them. There may be times when patients are not fully aware of your visit due to various reasons; treat them with the same dignity and respect.Effective customer service in the health care sector is vital. There are various segments in the health care sector that may have indirect contact with the patient such as; housekeeping, food handlers, maintenance and some persons in administration. This does not mean that those individuals should not practise the rules to effective customer service. Everyone that work within a health care facility or work within the environment of the patient (home care) should strive towards effective customer service. Finally, we must strive to be consistent in our approach for better customer service. This is not a one time experience but an ongoing service aim to please those we serve in the growing health care industry.
    /p>

    ·Government policies

    If this is to be accomplished it will require government intervention to construct policies which should include the reduction of taxation in the form of capital gains tax rate, providing incentives for increased spending on research and development, encouraging active venture capital markets, an alteration of the ‘hiring and firing’ labour regulations, and encouraging the spending on new technology shares (Da Rin, Nicodano & Sembenelli, 2005:8).

    ·The higher education institution policies

    The higher education institution must provide a working atmosphere in which entrepreneurship can thrive. Venkataraman (2003:154) proposes that it is not merely the injection of capital that enhances the development of entrepreneurship. Rather, it is the tangible infrastructural essentials such as capital markets, advanced telecommunications, sound legal and transportation systems. In addition, intangible components must be in place. These intangibles are access to novel ideas, informal forums, role models, region specific opportunities, access to large markets, safety nets and executive leadership. As policy within the institution is developed it must consider and include a planning process to accommodate these essentials.

    Policy must also augment the entrepreneurial culture within the higher education institution as a new mindset of students must be established from one of expecting to be employed, to one of providing work opportunities for others. Technology licensing offices (TLOs) must be established at the higher education institutions. Stanford University sponsored research expenditures of US$391 million generated 25 TLO start ups in 1997 (Gregorio & Shane, 2003:209). An investment in patent rights by the higher education institutions will ensure future capital investments into the institution. Intellectual property (IP) policies should be framed so as to capture the wealth generated and to distribute it equitably between investors, partners, the university and the entrepreneur. Such rewards will generate future interest for both the investors and the entrepreneurs. Policies, procedures and network contacts to capture venture capital must be esta

    The Future of Change Management
    The future of change management is when robotic artificial intelligent androids will be the ones making decisions rather than people and humans will have to accept this without sabotaging the equipment or computer systems. This will be when robots vs. machines compete for the top executive positions.It will be funny too because the artificial intelligent business decision systems will be able to work without ego, over confidence, pride, spite, vindictiveness or personal greed. After all the decisions are suppose to be made for quarterly profits, future market innovations and exploits and or shareholders equity, not the petty human’s executive fiefdom.It will be great to see all these executives who cannot do their job get fired. This will truly a revolution in the way that American Corporations are run and although the interim will be messy in many ways. However, once the initial problems are over, this will be a good thing for Corporate Leadership.When change management occurs between artificial intelligent systems there will be no real problems with human emotion and change management and absolutely no need for Change Management Consultants, because all you have to do is unplug one and then it is all about plug and play for the next more advanced model. Consider all this in 2006.
    nets and executive leadership. As policy within the institution is developed it must consider and include a planning process to accommodate these essentials.

    Policy must also augment the entrepreneurial culture within the higher education institution as a new mindset of students must be established from one of expecting to be employed, to one of providing work opportunities for others. Technology licensing offices (TLOs) must be established at the higher education institutions. Stanford University sponsored research expenditures of US$391 million generated 25 TLO start ups in 1997 (Gregorio & Shane, 2003:209). An investment in patent rights by the higher education institutions will ensure future capital investments into the institution. Intellectual property (IP) policies should be framed so as to capture the wealth generated and to distribute it equitably between investors, partners, the university and the entrepreneur. Such rewards will generate future interest for both the investors and the entrepreneurs. Policies, procedures and network contacts to capture venture capital must be established.

    Research and Development policies in entrepreneurship must be refined and focused. Currently, the focus of entrepreneurial research at Tshwane University of Technology in South Africa falls within the three niche areas of business clustering, business development and management of innovation. In each of these niche areas it will be necessary to develop Masters and Doctorate programmes in entrepreneurship and innovation. This in turn will mean a need for the improvement of the staff qualification profile within these areas. Along with the Masters and Doctorate programmes, accredited research outputs must be produced in entrepreneurship and innovation (Grundling & Steynberg, 2006:6). In addition to the Masters degrees in Entrepreneurship and the Masters degree in Comparative Local Development, a Masters degree in Cognitive Reasoning should be considered for the future. Such a course should include a thorough foundation in finance reasoning along with creative thinking and business planning.

    Institutional structures to be established

    The higher education institution will have to establish itself as a seamless knowledge node into which a variety of parties can contribute. Parties contributing to such a knowledge node might include industrial partners, specialists from industry, relevant government agencies, foreign investors, community forums, labour unions, academic specialists, research foundations, funding agencies, students and potential entrepreneurs. Such a node would provide the necessary contact between entrepreneurs, funding agencies, industry and labour. This will ensure exposure of research and innovative ideas to the relevant parties. It would also provide a relevant export/import platform for entrepreneurship within the country. In addition to this, regular colloquia should be held to allow potential entrepreneurs to expose their innovative ideas to the funding agencies. An information network connecting entrepreneurs to venture capitalists should be established within this knowledge node.

    Such forums would allow industrial partners to present commercially-oriented research proposals to the higher education institution which funding agencies in turn would be willing to fund. Gregorio and Shane (2003:212) also emphasize the need for the higher education institution to demonstrate intellectual eminence. It is suggested that better quality researchers are more likely to exploit inventions than lesser qualified researchers. The intellectual eminence also makes it easier for researchers involved to start enterprises and to exploit their inventions (Gregorio & Shane, 2003:212). In addition, more eminent researchers provide a better knowledge base and this in turn will attract better qualified researchers and students. To ensure an intellectual eminence of their outputs, higher education institutions should select students carefully.

    The higher education institution should also encourage the development of incubators, either close to the institution or close to the involved industry. This will certainly influence the start up capital expenditure. Gregorio and Shane (2003:213) suggest that such incubators would allow entrepreneurs to “ripen” technologies in close proximity to inventors and specialists.

    The establishment of technology parks could be instituted at the institution. Dana, et al. (2005:12) report that the first technology parks were established in the Netherlands. It is hardly surprising that the Netherlands is one of the leading nations in promoting entrepreneurship, comparing favourably with Israel, Singapore and Silicone Valley. Perhaps such parks could be established in conjunction with the government and serve to expose students to the entrepreneurial culture.

    Information networks connecting entrepreneurs to venture capitalists should be established within the higher education institution. Dushnitsky and Lenox (2004:618) reinforce this view. Gregorio and Shane (2003:214) also recommend that in exchange for taking an equity stake in TLO start-ups the institution should pay patenting, marketing or other up-front costs. These measures would encourage the formation of start-up enterprises. Furthermore, locating a higher education institutional foundation presence in physical proximity to the enterprises donating the capital might be an advantage (Gregorio & Shane, 2003:211).

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