ead to the divorce. Moreover, the working woman has many-sided and wide needs as for the free time. When husband and wife do not have any common interests it can lead to the conflicts. So, we can see that husband and wife have not some community of feelings, they have only common living place and name. Scientists call such marriages “empty-shell” .

There are different reasons, which can lead to the divorce. When a woman holds higher post than her husband it is very unusual for a man and as a rule, leads to the divorce. Then, some financial problems; conflicts about some duties and children; career (job) problems; problems with husband’s or wife’s parents; religious problems; sexual conflicts; problems with taking decision; some individual problems and many others.

Ukrainian divorce reasons are a little bit different. They are: alcoholism, absence of common interests; breach of matrimonial faithfulness; lack of living place; blows and others. Alcoholism and blows are very common things for the Ukrainian families. It depends on the traditional attitude to the woman social place. She should bear everything from her husband. There is such attitude in America too, but these social norms and stereotypes are not so strong and obvious. Free choice is very important for American woman, but Ukrainian woman does not want to make any choice at all, she does not want to

Some things in the society life namely: city development, informatization, more obvious difference between those who have and those who do not have the access to the new technologies, consumption increase and some other things caused the change of man world outlook and loss of social contacts. Feeling of time shortage reflects the intensification of life. Family relations, both in Ukrainian and American family, in any family, become more superficial, parents earn money and children do what they want or spend their time with relatives or nurse. We can see that all these family values (common understanding, respect), which people were taught during many years just disappeared. Children become more self-independent. It is not bad, a teenager knows what this life is, how to earn money, but he feels that he is unprotected, it is difficult for him to be without psychological support of his parents. As a result, we can face such global problems, which are usual both for Ukraine and America, as difficult children, which try to attract adult’s attention. Moreover, problems of youthful drug addiction, alcoholism, and so called, escape from reality, when children prefer computer to the real communication with their friends.

In the 50-s the social opinion about the couples, which did not want to have children, was very negative, but in the 70-s, such couples became quite normal thing . Women changed their attitude to the social family institute. The principle of self-realization became very important for the American woman.

We can define the 70-s as some period of different crises (economical, political, social). People become more individual and they changed some traditional standards of behavior, they wanted to be free from the different obligations and conventionalities. All this led to the group forms of marriage and to another forms of family.

The traditional type of the family was changed and new type was called “democratic” type of the family . The couples, which live together without children or single mothers with children or other alternative family types, became quite normal thing. Scientists call such type of social family relations “flexibility of modern family life” . For today such flexibility becomes a distinctive feature of the family relation development.

Scientists define the traditional family as the family where the individual interests are of minor importance and they yield to the interests of the whole family. The main principle of this family is the woman’s obedience to her husband. Every member of such family has his own obligations, they are divided into “male” and “female”. Husband earns some money, wife has to take care of husband, children. She should do all house work, be very attentive and obedient. Usual family communication is about family problems: money, children… People thought that all these political, career topics are not interesting for woman-housewife.

But if we speak about modern situation, we will see the transformation in the family. People think that man needs relations, which are pleasant and give the opportunity to realize the individuality in the marriage. Scientists consider that there are two ways of family relation development. The first is very harmonious, when husband and wife can take into account interests of each other, the second way leads to the estrangement of husband and wife. Some years ago we could see that man struggled against everything, even family, he believed only himself.

Many years ago one phrase was very important for every American woman: “Better dead than unwed” . It was very uncomfortable to live without husband or children. But in the 80-s the situation was changed. Self-realization and career became very important for the American woman. Today, many American women can refuse to have children because they can prevent their career. There is a little bit different situation in Ukrainian families. The main reason for the Ukrainian woman to earn money is the desire to improve the financial well-being. Of course it depends on the Ukrainian economical situation, because the main difference between American and Ukrainian economical situation is that American government tries to support people in any situation, but in Ukraine you do not have enough money even if you are working. The Ukrainian salary is very low and very often husband’s salary is not enough for family needs.

The further democratization, scientific and technological progresses have caused the speeding up of women` drawing up into professional activity or to make it easy they have got the opportunity to work and choose jobs as men. It resulted in the development of their independence, both financial and cultural, extension of their communication circle, interest in career, which is connected with constant education and self-education, and in enrichment and development of women` personality. So, the role of personal, psychological moment both in sexual and family relationships has increased. Family from the community with the domination of traits of social institution has transformed into community, where the traits of social group dominate.

One thing is common for American and Ukrainian society, we can see the female discrimination in our life, it is more difficult for a woman to find a job with such a high salary as can find a man.

The destruction of the traditional stereotypes is very painful both for a husband and for a wife. The conflicts about wife’s job become very often. They can lead to the divorce. Moreover, the working woman has many-sided and wide needs as for the free time. When husband and wife do not have any common interests it can lead to the conflicts. So, we can see that husband and wife have not some community of feelings, they have only common living place and name. Scientists call such marriages “empty-shell” .

There are different reasons, which can lead to the divorce. When a woman holds higher post than her husband it is very unusual for a man and as a rule, leads to the divorce. Then, some financial problems; conflicts about some duties and children; career (job) problems; problems with husband’s or wife’s parents; religious problems; sexual conflicts; problems with taking decision; some individual problems and many others.

Ukrainian divorce reasons are a little bit different. They are: alcoholism, absence of common interests; breach of matrimonial faithfulness; lack of living place; blows and others. Alcoholism and blows are very common things for the Ukrainian families. It depends on the traditional attitude to the woman social place. She should bear everything from her husband. There is such attitude in America too, but these social norms and stereotypes are not so strong and obvious. Free choice is very important for American woman, but Ukrainian woman does not want to make any choice at all, she does not want to

mal thing . Women changed their attitude to the social family institute. The principle of self-realization became very important for the American woman.

We can define the 70-s as some period of different crises (economical, political, social). People become more individual and they changed some traditional standards of behavior, they wanted to be free from the different obligations and conventionalities. All this led to the group forms of marriage and to another forms of family.

The traditional type of the family was changed and new type was called “democratic” type of the family . The couples, which live together without children or single mothers with children or other alternative family types, became quite normal thing. Scientists call such type of social family relations “flexibility of modern family life” . For today such flexibility becomes a distinctive feature of the family relation development.

Scientists define the traditional family as the family where the individual interests are of minor importance and they yield to the interests of the whole family. The main principle of this family is the woman’s obedience to her husband. Every member of such family has his own obligations, they are divided into “male” and “female”. Husband earns some money, wife has to take care of husband, children. She should do all house work, be very attentive and obedient. Usual family communication is about family problems: money, children… People thought that all these political, career topics are not interesting for woman-housewife.

But if we speak about modern situation, we will see the transformation in the family. People think that man needs relations, which are pleasant and give the opportunity to realize the individuality in the marriage. Scientists consider that there are two ways of family relation development. The first is very harmonious, when husband and wife can take into account interests of each other, the second way leads to the estrangement of husband and wife. Some years ago we could see that man struggled against everything, even family, he believed only himself.

Many years ago one phrase was very important for every American woman: “Better dead than unwed” . It was very uncomfortable to live without husband or children. But in the 80-s the situation was changed. Self-realization and career became very important for the American woman. Today, many American women can refuse to have children because they can prevent their career. There is a little bit different situation in Ukrainian families. The main reason for the Ukrainian woman to earn money is the desire to improve the financial well-being. Of course it depends on the Ukrainian economical situation, because the main difference between American and Ukrainian economical situation is that American government tries to support people in any situation, but in Ukraine you do not have enough money even if you are working. The Ukrainian salary is very low and very often husband’s salary is not enough for family needs.

The further democratization, scientific and technological progresses have caused the speeding up of women` drawing up into professional activity or to make it easy they have got the opportunity to work and choose jobs as men. It resulted in the development of their independence, both financial and cultural, extension of their communication circle, interest in career, which is connected with constant education and self-education, and in enrichment and development of women` personality. So, the role of personal, psychological moment both in sexual and family relationships has increased. Family from the community with the domination of traits of social institution has transformed into community, where the traits of social group dominate.

One thing is common for American and Ukrainian society, we can see the female discrimination in our life, it is more difficult for a woman to find a job with such a high salary as can find a man.

The destruction of the traditional stereotypes is very painful both for a husband and for a wife. The conflicts about wife’s job become very often. They can lead to the divorce. Moreover, the working woman has many-sided and wide needs as for the free time. When husband and wife do not have any common interests it can lead to the conflicts. So, we can see that husband and wife have not some community of feelings, they have only common living place and name. Scientists call such marriages “empty-shell” .

There are different reasons, which can lead to the divorce. When a woman holds higher post than her husband it is very unusual for a man and as a rule, leads to the divorce. Then, some financial problems; conflicts about some duties and children; career (job) problems; problems with husband’s or wife’s parents; religious problems; sexual conflicts; problems with taking decision; some individual problems and many others.

Ukrainian divorce reasons are a little bit different. They are: alcoholism, absence of common interests; breach of matrimonial faithfulness; lack of living place; blows and others. Alcoholism and blows are very common things for the Ukrainian families. It depends on the traditional attitude to the woman social place. She should bear everything from her husband. There is such attitude in America too, but these social norms and stereotypes are not so strong and obvious. Free choice is very important for American woman, but Ukrainian woman does not want to make any choice at all, she does not want to

obedient. Usual family communication is about family problems: money, children… People thought that all these political, career topics are not interesting for woman-housewife.

But if we speak about modern situation, we will see the transformation in the family. People think that man needs relations, which are pleasant and give the opportunity to realize the individuality in the marriage. Scientists consider that there are two ways of family relation development. The first is very harmonious, when husband and wife can take into account interests of each other, the second way leads to the estrangement of husband and wife. Some years ago we could see that man struggled against everything, even family, he believed only himself.

Many years ago one phrase was very important for every American woman: “Better dead than unwed” . It was very uncomfortable to live without husband or children. But in the 80-s the situation was changed. Self-realization and career became very important for the American woman. Today, many American women can refuse to have children because they can prevent their career. There is a little bit different situation in Ukrainian families. The main reason for the Ukrainian woman to earn money is the desire to improve the financial well-being. Of course it depends on the Ukrainian economical situation, because the main difference between American and Ukrainian economical situation is that American government tries to support people in any situation, but in Ukraine you do not have enough money even if you are working. The Ukrainian salary is very low and very often husband’s salary is not enough for family needs.

The further democratization, scientific and technological progresses have caused the speeding up of women` drawing up into professional activity or to make it easy they have got the opportunity to work and choose jobs as men. It resulted in the development of their independence, both financial and cultural, extension of their communication circle, interest in career, which is connected with constant education and self-education, and in enrichment and development of women` personality. So, the role of personal, psychological moment both in sexual and family relationships has increased. Family from the community with the domination of traits of social institution has transformed into community, where the traits of social group dominate.

One thing is common for American and Ukrainian society, we can see the female discrimination in our life, it is more difficult for a woman to find a job with such a high salary as can find a man.

The destruction of the traditional stereotypes is very painful both for a husband and for a wife. The conflicts about wife’s job become very often. They can lead to the divorce. Moreover, the working woman has many-sided and wide needs as for the free time. When husband and wife do not have any common interests it can lead to the conflicts. So, we can see that husband and wife have not some community of feelings, they have only common living place and name. Scientists call such marriages “empty-shell” .

There are different reasons, which can lead to the divorce. When a woman holds higher post than her husband it is very unusual for a man and as a rule, leads to the divorce. Then, some financial problems; conflicts about some duties and children; career (job) problems; problems with husband’s or wife’s parents; religious problems; sexual conflicts; problems with taking decision; some individual problems and many others.

Ukrainian divorce reasons are a little bit different. They are: alcoholism, absence of common interests; breach of matrimonial faithfulness; lack of living place; blows and others. Alcoholism and blows are very common things for the Ukrainian families. It depends on the traditional attitude to the woman social place. She should bear everything from her husband. There is such attitude in America too, but these social norms and stereotypes are not so strong and obvious. Free choice is very important for American woman, but Ukrainian woman does not want to make any choice at all, she does not want to

an and Ukrainian economical situation is that American government tries to support people in any situation, but in Ukraine you do not have enough money even if you are working. The Ukrainian salary is very low and very often husband’s salary is not enough for family needs.

The further democratization, scientific and technological progresses have caused the speeding up of women` drawing up into professional activity or to make it easy they have got the opportunity to work and choose jobs as men. It resulted in the development of their independence, both financial and cultural, extension of their communication circle, interest in career, which is connected with constant education and self-education, and in enrichment and development of women` personality. So, the role of personal, psychological moment both in sexual and family relationships has increased. Family from the community with the domination of traits of social institution has transformed into community, where the traits of social group dominate.

One thing is common for American and Ukrainian society, we can see the female discrimination in our life, it is more difficult for a woman to find a job with such a high salary as can find a man.

The destruction of the traditional stereotypes is very painful both for a husband and for a wife. The conflicts about wife’s job become very often. They can lead to the divorce. Moreover, the working woman has many-sided and wide needs as for the free time. When husband and wife do not have any common interests it can lead to the conflicts. So, we can see that husband and wife have not some community of feelings, they have only common living place and name. Scientists call such marriages “empty-shell” .

There are different reasons, which can lead to the divorce. When a woman holds higher post than her husband it is very unusual for a man and as a rule, leads to the divorce. Then, some financial problems; conflicts about some duties and children; career (job) problems; problems with husband’s or wife’s parents; religious problems; sexual conflicts; problems with taking decision; some individual problems and many others.

Ukrainian divorce reasons are a little bit different. They are: alcoholism, absence of common interests; breach of matrimonial faithfulness; lack of living place; blows and others. Alcoholism and blows are very common things for the Ukrainian families. It depends on the traditional attitude to the woman social place. She should bear everything from her husband. There is such attitude in America too, but these social norms and stereotypes are not so strong and obvious. Free choice is very important for American woman, but Ukrainian woman does not want to make any choice at all, she does not want to

ead to the divorce. Moreover, the working woman has many-sided and wide needs as for the free time. When husband and wife do not have any common interests it can lead to the conflicts. So, we can see that husband and wife have not some community of feelings, they have only common living place and name. Scientists call such marriages “empty-shell” .

There are different reasons, which can lead to the divorce. When a woman holds higher post than her husband it is very unusual for a man and as a rule, leads to the divorce. Then, some financial problems; conflicts about some duties and children; career (job) problems; problems with husband’s or wife’s parents; religious problems; sexual conflicts; problems with taking decision; some individual problems and many others.

Ukrainian divorce reasons are a little bit different. They are: alcoholism, absence of common interests; breach of matrimonial faithfulness; lack of living place; blows and others. Alcoholism and blows are very common things for the Ukrainian families. It depends on the traditional attitude to the woman social place. She should bear everything from her husband. There is such attitude in America too, but these social norms and stereotypes are not so strong and obvious. Free choice is very important for American woman, but Ukrainian woman does not want to make any choice at all, she does not want to have any responsibility for it. As a result, scientists say, the family number, where wife is working increases in America, but in Ukraine we can see just opposite situation.

There is a great minus of such self-confident behavior of American women. Men are very afraid of such strong, resourceful line of conduct, it is unusual for them. That is why more and more men prefer to live with their mothers in order to escape from family responsibility.

Now, I would like to say some words about the children in such families, about the influence of the divorce on their psychics.

According to the results of different scientific surveys of divorces, not so much children’s shocks and the problems in their upbringing are influenced by divorce, as the situation or atmosphere in the family, preceding divorce, or, which is worse, an extremely unfavorable conditions in family, that last over a long period of time.

Divorce is a social evil, it leads to the undermining of moral values of the society. We can take divorce as a quite favorable one only if it changes the conditions for upbringing of child’s personality into better ones, puts an end to the conflicts between parents, which are bad influence on child’s psychics. According to another research children from the divorced families have low self-appraisal in comparison with those, who are from full families or from families, where one of parents was dead. Besides, children of the divorced parents are subjected to psychic’s diseases. Unfavorable after-effects of the divorce are more important for children from those social groups, where correct behavior in society plays a great role. Child’s self-appraisal depends on mother’s age in the period of the divorce in a great extend: the younger mother - the lower self-appraisal. Some researches notice that the longer mother and a child live together between divorce and the second (repeated) marriage, the more harmful for a child must become the removal of attention to a new husband or a child.

American scientist Landis shows such factors, which can influence the psychics of a child: his (her) own idea about happiness of the family before the divorce; mother’s and child’s age;

social opinion about divorce in family of a certain child;

ability of one of the parents, who left with a child to help a child to go through the desperation and to give himher safety.

Three groups of children were compared from the happy families; unhappy ones and divorced ones. It was clear that children from the happy families are in the best condition, however, while comparing the two last, it appeared that teenagers from the divorced families had less psychic diseases, they more seldom committed crimes and had better relations with one of the parents at least. In other aspects there was no great difference between these two groups (attitude to studying, circle of communication). But the contrast was very strong between them and children from the happy families. Children from the families where mother married again after divorce were compared with those, who lived only with mother. It was found, that relationships “mother – child” were better in those families, where a child is brought up only by a mother. Divorce is more preferable for children, because it is worse for them to appear in situation of conflict marriage.

Divorces extend the number of non-full families. The specific system of relations between mother and a child is formed. Inside them behavior patterns alternative to those, on which marriage is built, are also represented there.

The attitude to divorce changes. It becomes something that is not out of order. There are no great difference between Ukrainian and American family. Yes, Ukrainian society has more traditional opinion about the family institute, but with the help of time the situation is changing. Ukrainian women are afraid of being alone, because of unstable economical situation. If a woman is alone without husband, she will not bring up her children without help. Absence of the opportunity to fine a job with a high salary for woman, in Ukraine is one of the main problems. Then, the problem of family violence we can face more often in Ukrainian families. Ukrainian woman almost unprotected by the government against her husband. There is no so great number of trial processes about sexual violence in Ukraine, women even do not know what to do in such situations. Then there is a problem in Ukraine about the combining a job and an upbringing of a child for woman. There is no good system of nursery schools, children can catch there any disease. Children see their mother during very short period of time only in the evening. About what traditional and correct upbringing we can speak.

We can see a little bit better situation in America. There is family violence, but everybody knows what to do and what then can be with the man.

There are a great number of summer camps for children. And everybody in such camps has responsibility for the children in this camp.

Of course, in America and in Ukraine the standards of living and mentality of the society are different, because America and Ukraine are two different countries, but in any country family is a family, everybody wants to live happy, without conflicts. Almost for every body it is better to live with somebody (even to have cat or dog) than to live alone, I think, in general, for man is very natural to live in community not alone.